Audens Poetry and Home and Away Art in Wartime - Literature Essay Samples

W.H Auden’s poetry investigates a decent society as it is oppressed by political ideology and then by war. The prevailing political motivation of a fraught time period and the destructive impact of war are also illustrated in the Australian picture book Home and Away (2008, John Marsden). Both Auden and Marsden represent their ideas about political governance and the manipulation exerted by regimes for the sake of control. For both men, ‘politics’ refers to the activities associated with the governance of a country or area reflecting judicious power. Their texts represent how political perspectives, language, and graphics influence an individual’s understanding of the world itself. Auden represents the prevailing political motivations of his time, a period when the destructive impact of totalitarianism distorted the societal norms of his era; his personal experience of social instability informed in his poetry. Auden’s compelling ballad, ‘O What is that sound which so thrills the ear’ (1932) reflects the increasing tension as tyrannical leaders (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini) exerted their power. By 1953, his ‘Shield of Achilles’ reflected the Cold War authoritarian aggression that manipulated the population of even the Western world. In this vein, Audens ‘Oh what is that sound’ explores the destructive reality of military power. The rich description provided by the female speaker is juxtaposed with the harsh reality of the situation as soldiers march up the hill to take her husband. The poem’s opening line (â€Å"O what is that sound which so thrills the ear†) creates a sudden tension, connoting a rich cacophony. Through the use of rhyming couplets such as â€Å"drumming, drumming/coming† juxtaposed against the first line, Auden portrays the build-up of dread that comes to fruition in the last stanza. As the soldiers pass the â€Å"parson’s gate,† the allusion to the loss of religious values indicates the ruthless, inhuman nature of the soldiers. This characterization is further exemplified when the wife questions â€Å"the vows† her husband had sworn upon their marriage. The lost â€Å"vows† demonstrate the power of political affiliation, military opp ression and fascism; conformity, religious values, and the law are powerless. In the last stanza, the soldiers’ â€Å"eyes are burning†, a description that exemplifies the dehumanising aspect of the soldiers, symbolising them as a tool of repression. Thus, Auden’s ‘Oh what is that sound’ shows the destructive rather than glorious effects when politics, the governance of the population, comes at the expense of the individual’s beliefs. Marsden’s Home and Away also explores the intrusion of power into people’s lives; politics engenders warfare, and readers experience the fate of the Australian family who become refugees. The context of the book reflects 21st century concepts of displacement and the treatment of refugees. Marsden graphically and textually represents transition from order to disorder, safety to danger, optimism to despair, captured in an 11 year-old’s diary entries. The title page of the picture book provides an immediate tension, juxtaposing the title of â€Å"Home† â€Å"Away†, where â€Å"Home† is scribbled out. The title references the popular Australian soap opera of the same name so the reader is positioned to feel a sense of familiarity that is then overturned by the exclusion of the family from Australia and their desperate bid for safety somewhere else. Marsden positions the reader to become the refugee, the outsider. The colour-blue â€Å"Home† symbolises stability, which is now almost erased. The use of colour juxtaposition from multi-coloured to red symbolises the brutality, death, and bloodshed of war. In this manner, the effects of war deny the characters access to everyday commodities, as exemplified through the original digital typeface of the diary entry, which devolves throughout the narrative to become more haphazard, written on a notepad, finally becoming a single piece of paper, where the boy confides â€Å"I’ve given up being a vet†¦ maybe I could wash cars†¦ whatever keeps us together†. The ultimate outcome of war is visualised in the final pages of the book, when the family members become incarcerated refugees. The symbolism of the fence separating them from the soldiers represents political constraint imposed on people. It exaggerates the separation between political ideology and the people it should care for. Here, the desert landscape symbolises the barren future and the flashbac k to the family photo from the first page, now torn and buried under sand, represents the destruction of the family unit. Marsden’s visual text is a powerful critique of war, as is Auden’s 1952 poem â€Å"The Shield of Achilles†, which explores the contrast between utopianism and reality; the ideals of a decent society are dispelled and dystopian reality is literally reflected on the Shield of Achilles. Political ideals are ever-present in the poem where Achilles’s mother, Thetis, looks beyond her son’s shoulders to seek â€Å"For vines and olive trees/Marble well-governed cities/And ships upon untamed seas†, but rather sees a political reality of war and desolation, of â€Å"artificial wilderness/And a sky like lead†. The metaphor of â€Å"artificial wilderness† and the simile â€Å"sky like lead†, represent a reality that expresses the futility of life, frigid and cold, where the modern environment is visualised as a â€Å"nuclear winter†. The characteristics of lead oppress, through the use of the powerful contrast in the light/dar k imagery which is further exemplified in the poem through the repetition of cold imagery and fanciful delusions of Thetis. Thetis expected to view â€Å"ritual pieties† but was left to see the instances of punishment and imprisonment where â€Å"barbed wire enclosed an arbitrary spot†. The image and intention is similar to Marsden’s picture book. Her visualisation of an unkempt world where glorification and the horrors of war dehumanised society, manifests the loss of beauty and values in the modern world. The repetition of â€Å"She looked over his shoulder/But there on the shining metal† illustrates to the reader a stronger juxtaposition of Thetis’s belief of a ‘perfect world’ and Haphaestos’s harsh reality. Auden’s political language within the poem assists the reader to identify the potential view of life in the ‘not-so’ distant future. Auden is a harsh critic; his poems articulate the vision of one who sees all too clearly the intellectual deception that was so prevalent during his time. Similarly, Marsden explores the destructive impacts of war and the debasement of people. Both composers confront us with the failure of politics to protect those people it should judiciously govern.

A Huge Effect Of The Declaration of Independence - Free Essay Example

The Declaration of Independence is one of the most well known documents that Americans know of today, this document has been the source behind many great achievements, not only in 1776 but those 2018. The primary purpose of the Declaration was not to declare the colonists independence, but to proclaim to the other countries the reasons behind declaring independence. The Framers wanted to invite the world to hear what they had to say about their ties with Britain. The Declaration of Independence has impacted everyones lives on a daily basis, this document is the reason people can live in harmony, it creates a balance between the people and what they want in government. David Armitage said in his article that the audience of the Declaration is mankind (Armitage). The Framers not only had to include those who might have been cast offs with their former alliances to the British crown (Armitage). The Declaration tells the world what the Framers believed was the proper way to govern people, while not everything that comes out of the document leads to prosperity immediately, it created the basis of the United State, providing the future with a chance to come along and make changes. This document was intended to lay out the causes which compelled the colonies to declare independence from Great Britain. To show that they were serious about gaining their freedom, and stating they were prepared to backup their claims they made against Great Britain. This document had a huge effect, not only in the seventeen hundreds, but into today. While making the Declaration, several key concepts were invented to protect the people such as having natural rights, establishing universal truths when they didnt have them before, the knowledge of who was in control of the county also known as popular sovereignty and lastly social contract theory. These concepts were a peaceful way of making the colonies a country and being able to adapt as a country overtime, with the encouragement of change and growth of the people. Breaking ties with Britain The Framers drafted the Declaration during the American Revolution. During this time there was a revolt of Britains thirteen American colonies against rule of the British Crown. According to the Big Ideas Simply Explained: The Politics Book, by Dorling Kindersley Publishing, explains the reasoning that the Framers had for wanting to abolish ties with Britain (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157). The book explains that by 1763 the British had won a series of wars against France for possession of the colonies (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157). These wars eventually depleted the British funds, since the huge cost of the wars (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157). The Parliament needed to come up with money; they achieved this by taxing the Framers. The Framers did not like this, so they protested in Boston, against taxation without representation which led to British military intervention (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157), and in turn spiraled into war. It wasnt until the First Continental Congress of 1774, that the Framers demanded that they have their own parliament; then a year later, at the Second Congress, King George III spurning all of their demands, the Framers, finally, pushed for total independence from Britain (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157). The main issues the Framers has with Britain were trade and taxes placed on goods so that the colonies had to pay for the cost of Empire (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 157). Britain was deeply in debt and as such, the king wanted to impose on the colonies in the way of taxes to alleviate some of the costs, while contributing more to the common security of Great Britain. Carl Lotus Becker claims that the Framers wanted to justify to the world the reasons for removing ties with Britain (Becker 7). Becker was an American historian that was mostly known for his work on early American intellectual history and on the 18th-century Enlightenment. He believes that the Declarations stateme nt of causes is not the record of what the king had done, meaning the list they provided is not everything that the king has done, but rather a list they they need to have assessed by the king of Great Britain so that the form of indictment, could be what the Framers needed to clear the themselves of all responsibility (Becker 7). The Declaration was a sly way of making the Framers not rebellions. In the eyes of large countries, rebellion is always serious (Becker 7). What the Framers needed was a place for rebellion, they needed a theory of government that provided rebellion and make it respectable (Becker 7). The Framers knew this, so they made that possible with a government that could be modified over time so that the people can always come first. The Declaration was to present their causes in a way as to flaunt moral and legal justifications for its own rebellion (Becker 7). Before announcing the specific grievances against the king, Jefferson formulates a philosophy which the case of the Framers solidly rest (Becker 7). One that affirms the right of a people to establish and overturn its own government for the new philosophy (Becker 7). Establishing Universal Truths When the Framers were deciding what they wanted the United States to be, they needed to find a common ground between themselves, so that they could formulate the new government. They did that by understanding and implementing universal truths, the meaning of the word truth is a statement of which the content corresponds to the world around them. If the word universal means always and never ending; then a Universal Truth is a statement that will always and forever be a statement that reflects the reality. This was the basis the Framers used when creating the the United States. They wanted to make rules and regulations that would better the people, but to do this they needed to have rules that everyone would agree to. This would create a social contract. The Politics Book points out that, when deciding what the Framers wanted, they would look back to the history of the world. When searching they would find monarchies and corrupt governments that were governing over unequal societies (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 156). Meaning that the Framers knew that the government that was right for them excluded most forms of unequally so the solution that Thomas Jefferson and other intellectuals, looked to thinkers such as the liberal philosopher John Locke. Locke studied the need the government had to hold a social contract with the governed, and studied how that could affect the rights of humanity. The Declaration of Independence marked a break between the a newly way of thinking and the older thoughts that were not incompatible with the new thinking of all men are created equal and to transgress their inalienable rights (Dorling Kindersley Publishing 155). The Declaration formed the basis of the new contract theory. This new theory contained the rights of the people and in theory made everyone equal. Natural Rights When reading the Declaration, it claims everyone has natural rights. To explain what a right is, it is a claim that a person may make against someone else who would have taken something that does not belong to them. A right is something that can be earned such as a voting right, it is something that comes with age. You can be born with rights, or you acquire it by marriage. So this can be many different things, for example if you have something, like your backpack or your cell phone, then you own them, and have a right to them. They are yours, if someone steals from you, then you have a legitimate argument against that person. They owe you, your possessions back or better yet they had the responsibility to have not have taken it in the first place. With a right explained, a natural right, is a claim to what one rightfully owns by birth. This is best explained with rights that cannot be taken away such as the rights to live peacefully and in turn make a living. One example is when the parents of someone die, usually the children have a natural right to the belongings that the parents have acquired. This right is given to you because the owner of the belongings is gone and so you are the next person that can take it. It is from this philosophy that the phrase all men created equal came from. Augustine Peter Lawler is a Political Philosophy and American Politics Professor, in his paper he says that even though the government is limited by the personal progress toward wisdom and virtue, or the the struggle between the value of the person versus the nation (Lawler). He says that particular individuals that are open to the truth about who they are as free and relational beings can create a pathway for others do do as well (Lawler 85). The American devotion to justice does not require money, land or resources, but our personal content in the name of liberty (Lawler 85). Its our understanding of theses notions that affirms the dignified personal significance of beings who have achieved freedom from government, the freedom of families, and freedom of the church (Lawler 85). The truths announced in the Declaration are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, li berty, and the pursuit of happiness. Meaning that the people believe they are entitled to unalienable rights that no one can take away, along with the rights to have a peaceful life without the fear of having their lives upturned because of something out of their control. Now they have a solid backing of the Declaration of Independence to affirm what they believe to be important parts of life. Popular Sovereignty As the Framers were making the laws and regulations, there were times when they needed a new policy. When these times arose, it was questioned whether the people should get to decide for themselves whether their states would enter the Union as free or slave states. This is known today as popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty would be defined as the supreme power, authority, or national control over a countrys territory. One example of this is when Anne Elizabeth Reese claims that in order to protect the state sovereignty, the contemporary way of reading the declaration known as textualism, has reinforced the Tenth Amendment (Reese). However, the textualists have overlooked the Tenth Amendment final four words, which reserve powers to the people (Reese). By ignoring the people in the Tenth Amendment, Americans have ignored a vital structure of protection against the federal and state pressure in America (Reese). What she is saying is that, in order to fully cover one aspect of the written doctrine, we miss a completely different part of the text. When writing the Declaration, they most likely didnt think that we would take each word under a microscope, but to be able to read and understand who has the rights and what they believe everyone is born with. This is connected with popular sovereignty because when government gets their powers from the people, it is also ingrained that this concept should also provide that the government should be in alive and flourishing, and while doing so should fulfill the governments purpose of benefiting the citizens. If government is not taking every action that is necessary in protecting the people, when the whole belief in the government is to benefit the citizens is nonsense and we should redo our philosophy. When the government ceases to doing everything it can to protect it people should be to disbanded. This is what Jefferson was saying in the opening paragraph of the Declaration, when he provides the reasons for its publication. He wanted the government to be active in the country but not to the point that it was stripping the people from their rights. Social Contract Theory When understanding social contract theory, it is the compilation of all our basic or natural duties that Robert Grant defines to be social contract theory. Grant, says that the social contract is that fundamental compact that consists of the rules imposing basic duties, assigning rights, and distributing the benefits of political, social, and economic cooperation, unanimously agreed to by reasonable people in a state of perfect equality and absolute impartiality (Grant). This is not the result of a historical event; it is the result of rational and legal analysis and hypothesis, in other words this is a huge achievement in the culture, but not the turning point (Grant). This is where everyone agrees to the stipulations on this area of land. There are basic duties and natural duties since they arise from our nature as human beings, natural duties are not perfected until we form ourselves into social groups, duties are relationships (Grant). Human rights are universal since the recipro cal basic natural duties established by the social contract are general in their application to all people and at all times (Grant). Impact on Modern Culture The ideal of full human equality has been an ongoing challenge that not only the Framers of the Declaration had to face, but for the people of today. Throughout several generations, the nation has accepted some of its faults and we have achieved a new era of equality. The Framers did not see equality as a positive social goal, since, they never addressed this a notion to change the lives of the minoritys. Nevertheless, through the creation of the Declaration of Independence we, as a notion have created equality among all men and women. This was not done lightly, nothing happened overnight but the minority has overcome many great struggles, with the backing of the Declaration of Independence. Overtime we can see the effects that Jeffersons words when he wrote the first sentence written in the Preamble: We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal. Throughout recent history we have accomplished so many different changes, from the freedom of slaves, establishing equal voting rights, and advance as a society, to better the equality among men and women. Today women have been given every opportunity that men are now given and are truly equal among men. The words that were written in the seventeen hundreds still stand today, and might even be even more powerful. The people being oppressed today have a longer and harder road to follow to gain the same rights, so makes the declaration even more powerful because we see the language being used and as a nation take up the issue get addressed. Since this was not the original purpose of the Declaration, when the Framers did not have quite that radical an agenda. There was the possibility for social changes was certainly discussed in 1776, but nothing like the changes the declaration has stated. Since the Framers were on the radical side of philosophy with their belief of it is the right of the people to alter or abolish their government, the Framers wanted a new government idea where, in that government the people held the rights to what that country would govern. The new government would let the people reject a monarchy and replace it with a republican government, making this a huge cultural change. While the Declaration did not initially lead to equality for all, it created a pathway that allowed the start of equality for all. To conclude, the Declaration has been used by the people of the United States, this document is meant to change with the people. The Framers made this important document that will always be valued in America, so that future generations will be able to learn and adapt. This document lets people be who they are be able to have rights for that. In the time since the Declaration has been written, the several key radical concepts that were invented for people such as having natural rights, establishing universal truths, popular sovereignty and social contract theory, have impacted so many people. Not only does this document tell the world what the Framers were thinking when they declared from Britain, it tells the future generations what is not acceptable. These concepts were important in the years after the Framers wrote them because whenever we as a country need change, there is an achievable way to make it happen.

Analysis Of Ann Mason s The Wild Trail - 1732 Words

Bobbie Ann Mason grew up on her family’s dairy farm outside Mayfield, Kentucky. She expressed a love for books at a young age. After high school, Mason advanced her education at the University of Kentucky, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in English. Soon after Ms. Mason received her master’s degree from the University of New York at Binghamton in 1966. She went to college for a third and final time to acquire her Ph.D. in literature from the University of Connecticut. In 1985, she finalized and published her first novel In Country. Zigzagging Down a Wild Trail was later published in 2002. Novels, short stories and biographies are just a few works to add to her list of writings. Ms. Mason has earned several awards for the leadership†¦show more content†¦Emmett slept with his niece. Emmett lived off his sister. Emmett seduced high school girls. He had killed babies in Vietnam. But he was popular, and Emmett didn’t care what some people saidâ €  (In Country 31). Her father died in the Vietnam war before she was born and she begins to wonder what was his personality like or what kind of conversations did he carry when he was alive. Many family members described Sam’s father as a very funny and charismatic person. Sam’s mother left her in Hopewell to stay with her Uncle Emmett and got married to a man that lived in Lexington and started a new family. Her mother left the town because she was trying to fill in that void or erase the hurt she experienced from the passing of Sam’s father. In Charger, a teenage boy battles his emotions and races along the interstate from state to state searching for answers as to why his father abandoned him and his mother without notice. He undergoes a few challenges and psychological obstacles as he tries to find justification for why his dad left abruptly with no explanation, â€Å"I’m so depressed, I’m liable to just set down right here in the parking lot and melt into that spot of gop over there† (Charger 309). Charger’s motivation to find his father becomes a relentless journey, â€Å"He had left the day before Christmas and just kept driving; once he got out of Kentucky, he couldn’t turn back, he said. Might as well see what there is to see†Show MoreRelatedAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagescase study to examine implementation trends was developed through the examination of current on-farm food safety issues and programs, with specific focus on the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)- based initiative. In 2003, OGVG s 200 members had a combined farm-gate value of $350 million and represented 41 per cent of North American greenhouse vegetable production. Program implementation barriers identified included: pe rceived costs of participationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Origin Of Replication Is The Starting Point Of Dna...

BME-603 Exam 2 - Tao Xu (Nov-9-2016) Origin of replication is the starting point of DNA replication. It cannot replicate in the host cells without this site. Antibiotic resistance gene can be served as a select agent to find the right clone and then improve the plasmid transformation efficiency. Antibiotic resistance gene can also give the bacteria a pressure to have the plasmid, because the bacteria would use more energy to replicate both the plasmid and its own DNA. (1) The protein needs complex eukaryotic post-translational modifications for structure. (2) The eukaryotic proteins are not well folded in E. coli and form insoluble aggregates. (3) Proteins are secreted, membrane or intracellular. cDNA library is usually used to expressing eukaryotic gene in prokaryotes. There are no introns in E. coli DNA, so it does not have enzymes which could cut it out in the transcription procedure. In cDNA library, there are no introns, so it could be expressed in E. coli cells. Genomic DNA library have the non-coding and regulatory sequence while cDNA library doesn’t, but genomic DNA library is hard to make and maintain. (1) 2-10 kb fragments: Plasmid Reason: Plasmid is autonomous and self-replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA molecule. The plasmid-based vectors is usual used to clone small DNA inserts up to 15 kb. (2) 15-20 kb fragments: Bacteriophage lambda Reason: Bacteriophage ÃŽ » is an E. coli virus. Insertion vector is usual used to clone inserts from 5–11 kb, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Chromatin Structure Within The Development Of Multicellular Organisms1359 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisms, new insights can be gained in the ability of an organism to alter its genetic expression, and even pass these alterations on to offspring. In order to appreciate the overall structure of chromatin, the structure of DNA should be first understood at the deepest level. DNA has a primary structure composed a strand of nucleotide units. These units are composed of a phosphate linked to the 5’ position of a deoxyribose sugar. One of four nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymineRead MoreDna Replication And The Cell Cycle1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe division of cells is DNA replication. Without DNA replication, the new cells wouldn’t have DNA. So why is DNA so important? DNA is the basic blueprint of life, and it serves to tell the cells what to do, and what proteins to code for. Let’s take a deeper look into Bobby’s cell to see what fascinating events happens during DNA replication. DNA Replication The Cell Cycle Before Bobby’s cells enter the the stage of mitosis to divide, it goes through DNA replication. This process occurs in theRead MoreAccording to Inderjeet Dokal there are currently 13 known variations of genes that cause FA and2400 Words   |  10 Pagescoding. This one genetic subtype causes breakdowns in the various checkpoints throughout the cell cycle. 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The General Electric ( Ge ) - 1275 Words

Transnational organizations have a complex business structure and require a multidimensional concentration of resources which are customized to meet the requirements of each local market. The central office requires a transnational strategy in order to attract local benefits which are important to the organization. Among the advantages of transnational organizations is the capacity to maintain a great degree of quick to response to local market needs from where they have operations. This report focuses on the General Electric (GE) which holds substantial assets and with operations in most countries in the world. General Electric (GE) Widely regarded as a leading global corporation in the 20th century with operations in over a hundred and seventy countries and over three hundred thousand workers, General Electric remains an icon in best management practices. With its operations in power, appliances, energy management, aviation, oil gas, and transportation among others is ranked as among the top leading firms in the US. It is also a global leader in the digital industry with interests in transforming needs into responsive, connected and predictive solutions. With its vast operations, GE is involved in innovation, product development, and funding startups among others (Hydle and Karl 261). In order to survive, GE has tried to form symbiotic relations to support its ecosystem (Tallberg 774). The partners involved in the ecosystem have in-depth understanding coupled withShow MoreRelatedGeneral Electric ( Ge ) Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Electric (GE), established in 1892, is an American based, diverse conglomerate. General Electric is common household name, as well as a renowned name in electric, oil, gas, power, renewable energy, aviation, transportation, and healthcare. 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Machiavelli And Plato s The Prince Essay - 1789 Words

Ancient philosophers have opened up many eyes to what we in a modern society take as basic knowledge. However, back then this was revolutionary information coming their way. Philosophers looked at how flawed certain systems or beliefs were and looked to change it for the benefit of society; Machiavelli and Plato is a good example of this. Machiavelli who wrote The Prince, looked at the flawed system of ruling a kingdom sought to change and inform current rulers how to better themselves so that the kingdom’s people would not have to suffer. Plato who wrote Socrates’ Apology, simply saw all the same people conforming to the same belief without really having any thought or choice in what they believed in. This paper will seek to accomplish how these two were accomplishing similar things, with different goals. Seeing to educate people to better advance their respective societies, just in a different level of things. Machiavelli and Plato’s works have both been harshl y criticized and shunned by people, often religious figures and people with strong religious backgrounds. Take Machiavelli’s The Prince essentially an instruction manual on how to gain and retain political power. Machiavelli had wrote The Prince for more than simply giving it to the Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici, which was the current ruler at the time. Rather, Machiavelli made The Prince available to even the common non-nobility person to understand his readings. One of his primary goals when creating The PrinceShow MoreRelatedMachiavelli s The Prince And Plato s Apology1697 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† and Plato’s â€Å"Apology† Philosophers have unique and yet similar ways of interpreting life through a variety of different values and beliefs appointed to oneself. 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Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example For Students

Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual Punishment? Essay In order to determine whether the death penalty is to be considered cruel and unusual punishment, it is necessary to first define each word in order to get full understanding of the issue being assessed. According to the Merriam-Webster collegiate dictionary, cruel is defined as: disposed to inflict pain or suffering devoid of humane feelings. Unusual is defined as: not usual, uncommon, or rare. Punishment is defined as: suffering pain or loss that serves as retribution. Should capital punishment be viewed as retribution used to cause pain or suffering without humane feelings, and is it uncommon?The message that is sent out by killing a murderer is If you kill, we kill. Punishment by death is the ultimate punishment and one that cannot be taken back. A jury is instructed to determine guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but with a punishment as final as death, any doubt should be reason enough for a person to live. Forcing a jury to decide whether a person should live or die is wrong. If the jury decides the person should die, then they have just committed the same crime they just sentenced someone to die for, murder. The jury then has to live with the fact that they killed someone. Just this stress put on the jury is enough to call the death penalty inhumane, not to mention the years the inmate will have to sit on death row knowing that at any time, it could be their turn to be strapped in to die. As far as the death penalty being unusual, since the U. S. is the only western democracy to still use the death penalty, it would be safe to say this punishment is uncommon.The death penalty should not be carried out in any case. Some look at it as an eye for an eye, but as Mahatma Gandhi once said, An eye for an eye only makes the whole world blind. As we head into the next millennium, it is time we modernize our punishments of criminals just as we have modernized every other aspect of our lives.